Born Global Company free essay sample

McDougall says â€Å"Born worldwide organization alludes to the business associations that, from origin, look to get noteworthy upper hand from the utilization of assets and the offer of yields in numerous nations †[1] An increasingly quantitative definition, from another source, depicts conceived globals as â€Å"companies who have arrived at a portion of outside deals of at any rate 25 percent inside a time period of a few years after their establishment†. [2] Born globals will in general be at a youthful age, medium-sized, which is getting a feasible piece of income from the offer of yields in outside nations. Likewise, there are numerous organization has explored the how youthful the worldwide conceived organization is. Notwithstanding, they have discovered that the normal age of the worldwide conceived organization is inside three years. The worldwide business is on a creating stage. As indicated by the announcements, the brought into the world worldwide must be a youthful firm who has increased a part of income from sending out their items. We will compose a custom article test on Brought into the world Global Company or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page There are four reasons regarding why the worldwide conceived organization develop. †¢ The specialty showcase †¢ Entrepreneurship †¢ International administration experience †¢ Net work The first is the specialty showcase. That the some association understood that their assets and market are constrained, which regularly occurs in the nations with little residential markets. They have to create and concentrate on methodologies to accomplish universal advertising objectives to grow its market and make more benefits. The specialty showcase is significant for the brought into the world worldwide firms. The more precise market they center on,the more piece of the pie and all the more driving position they will get. [3] The subsequent one is the business. Business enterprise is consistently among the brought into the world worldwide firms, which is summed up as dedicated, spearheading advancement, the quick to change, the pledge to keep-confidence, and oneself rectifying comprehensiveness. [4] The development assumes a basic job in the enterprise. The agent who made brought into the world worldwide organization must have this business enterprise inside him. The third one is the universal administration experience. Rivalry is increasingly savage, which bring a lot of advantages for the worldwide firms, particularly for supervisors who had working involvement with abroad or who is with global foundation. They has exceptional profile in the business and could give its one of a kind information and capacity to search for the chances and build up its thought with a worldwide vision. Furthermore, the company’s imagination and capacity to locate the ideal arrangements through joining the accessible assets that can make the most extreme incentive for the organization is additionally an explanation that add to worldwide business. The fouth factor, arrange, additionally make commitment to the development of the Born Global Company. The venture organize depends on relational relationship. This relational relationship organize was set up and exhibited by bunch creation and specialization. [5] Many individuals decide to concentrate abroad. Furthermore, the relationship organize thus contributes their organizations. Some brought into the world worldwide organizations decide to set up their industrial facilities abroad so as to abstain from promoting hazard. At that point with the advancement of the zone, numerous organizations are pulled in to settle abroad industrial facilities because of the gracefully chain. [6] The case of the Born Global Company Logitech, the PC peripherals organization who is the one of the astounding early instances of conceived worldwide firm. Concentrating first on the PC mouse, the firm was set up by two Italians and a Swiss. The company’s activities and innovative work were right off the bat devided among California and Switzerland. The firm at that point extended rapidly in Ireland and Taiwan. Logitech hold 30 percent of the worldwide PC mouse business by 1989 with its high caliber of items, having $140 million in incomes. Its innovative and in vogue items contributed Logitech to be a worldwide pioneer in PC fringe gadgets. [] Logitech, these days, is a pioneer undertaking in the business of the structuring and assembling of PC fringe gadgets. The technologic advancement and the exploration and the improvement are two significant parts in the Born Globals. Be that as it may, the HR ought to pick the individuals who have specialized profile. Innovation is a key apparatus for Born Globals to organize organizing with providers, temporary workers and all the individuals from the universal network[9] It is likewise a channel of creation, correspondence, and deals and associations with clients simultaneously. [10] The institutional system is utilized by organization to get the money related assets so as to be able to set up the imaginative business. The states of the Born Global to be made The majority of the brought into the world worldwide firms are innovative firms as aftereffect of certain reasons. There are a few conditions ought to be taken into the thought. †¢ The expected clients of the organization is individuals outside the home district †¢ The likely clients of the organization may require the remote items. †¢ The organization have favorable circumstances in the field of industry universally †¢ The company’s contenders has just been internationalized or will be internationalized soon †¢ The results of the organization is firmly identified with the strategic †¢ The results of the organization has experienced new issues †¢ The market in the nation of origin can meet the company’ needs The Born Globals must have a particular technique that which exercises ought to be acted in the nation of origin and which action ought to re-appropriate due to thinking about the proficiency and quality. The marvel of globalization was created by mechanical advancement. A few people believe that globalization has brought about an assembly of customer request. In any case, others accept that improved innovation framework for the worldwide showcasing strategy’s execution and other weight expanded serious weights brought about by the worldwide market. The globalization is steady with the worldwide advertising technique . The effect of the Internet in the worldwide advertising methodology to get more consideration because of the worldwide idea of the Internet and correspondence prospects. The brought into the world worldwide are perceived as the youthful organization, which is aspiring, specialty engaged, progressed with the incredible universal vision. The worldwide significance and normalization of worldwide brand was brought into the world with the advantages of globalization . Worldwide factors to accomplish the b2b brought into the world worldwide stage , which is over half of the all out deals in terrain of China , with the companys worldwide brand , worldwide normalization . What's more , the exact proof recommends b2b brought into the world increasingly subordinate dependent on worldwide showcasing , advancing the accentuation on singular deals proficient attributes of their items for the worldwide market portions in the modern market . How are the conceived worldwide firms have the option to maintain a strategic distance from the phases of internationalization the conceived globals ? The Born Globals unquestionably has uncommon attributes, which contrasted from the conventional worldwide firms. At that point I will depict it as beneath. 1) Most of the organizations has numerous exercises in the universal markets The organization began trading worldwide items or administrations after they found a couple of years and sending out 25 percent or a greater amount of the all out yield of the organization. Huge numbers of them advance their global business through the stages and direct speculation. From Denmark, start of internationalization and internationalization isn't really the target procedure of establishing. [7] Decided to take an interest during the time spent internationalization of the organization into a framework by the idea of the new organization. The extraordinary sort of innovation is created and delivered by the companys skill in a specific industry part , the worth chain , or showcase. [8] Other investigations from Norway and France somewhat various outcomes , proposing that particular market circumstance is significant . A brought into the world worldwide , as opposed to an origination or late worldwide relies upon the degree to which the organization s early choices. 2) Limited assets Most of conceived globals have experienced such of issues that the budgetary assets and unmistakable assets are restricted. The worldwide organization is inclined to be moderately little , which have less money related , human and physical assets contrasted with the huge worldwide companies that are viewed as the main worldwide exchange and venture. [9] 3) The directors have remarkable administration abilities The supervisor of the organization don't view the abroad markets as an unadulterated expansion to their home country’s showcase . They have a solid innovative mindset . They step up and effectively rivalries in the universal markets , they face challenges, and to make developments. The revelation of innovativeness , information and intelligence from featuring the significance is from the United States, Australia , the United Kingdom ,Canada, New Zea-land , Ireland , consolidating the job of the top supervisory group and individual characteristics , isn't only a solitary business person. The abilities of the senior supervisory group have been discovered key that the more dynamic types of internationalization , particularly in information based ventures. 4) Focusing on the diverse methodology Born worldwide organizations are generally trend setting innovation than other customary organizations. They are set up to create business openings when new items and services’ quality and configuration is better than the competitor’s. 5) The organization will utilize outside delegates in the abroad market Most organizations in the global development of the world occupied with direct universal deals through fares or remote assets autonomous go-betweens found [10]. The majority of them rely upon the outside coordinat

Essay --

La adicciã ³n al tabaco es un problema muy comã ºn, es un producto que se vende a libre comercio, una droga social, que no estã ¡ mal vista, pero sin embrago es causa de muchas enfermedades que pueden acabar en la muerte. La adicciã ³n implica a su vez la existencia de tolerancia; sã ­ndrome de abstinencia y el consumo compulsivo de la droga. El head componente por lo cual esta droga es tan adictiva es la nicotina, cada vez que inhala, el fumador promedio expend entre 1 y 2 mg de nicotina por tabaco (Jacome, 2012). Se involucra el factor social y psicolã ³gico del fumador que incrementa y justifica su consumo asociado an otras drogas como el liquor, haciã ©ndolo una tendencia o costumbre, lo que provoca city hall leader consumo de tabaco y a su vez chairman dependencia; entre las costumbres mã ¡s comunes estã ¡n el â€Å"fumar despuã ©s de comer†, â€Å"fumar mientras se bebe†, â€Å"fumar bets de dormir†, entre otras. 2.1.2 Historia del tabaco y situaciã ³n genuine El consumo del tabaco es un acto que viene produciã ©ndose desde hace mã ¡s de 2000 aã ±os. En la actualidad se vive en un mundo mã ¡s comunicado y tecnolã ³gico que demuestra la magnitud de este problema, es una costumbre worldwide. Se ha demostrado que la mayorã ­a de los fumadores comienzan el consumo del tabaco en la adolescencia. El mundo cuenta en la actualidad con aproximadamente 1300 millones de fumadores, lo que viene a suponer que casi uno de cada tres adultos del planeta fuman (Sanchez, 2010). Se estima la muerte de mas de 5 millones de personas al aã ±o por el consumo del tabaco, lo que indica una cifra de 14.000 cada dã ­a. Esto se da en city hall leader parte en paises en vias de desarrollo ya que tienen un menor grado de conciencia en comparaciã ³n con los desarrollados que child mã ¡s realistas y saben mã ¡s de à ©sta epidemia. L... ...prioridad de salud pã ºblica?, s.f). Las tã ©cnicas aversivas tambiã ©n child de mucha ayuda, estas se llevan a cabo a travã ©s de la asociaciã ³n del tabaco con estã ­mulos desagradables para asã ­ provocar una sensaciã ³n de rechazo frente al tabaco. Otra tã ©cnica existente es la tã ©cnica de autocontrol, ideada para que el propio fumador pueda aplicarse estrategias que limiten su conducta con relaciã ³n al tabaco, de esta forma el fumador puede analizar y tomar conciencia de los detalles de su forma de consumo para luego realizar modificaciones voluntarias del hã ¡bito. Existen tambiã ©n terapias alternativas que pueden ayudar a dejar de fumar, como la hipnosis, la meditaciã ³n, la acupuntura y el Tai Chi. Estas terapias pueden ayudar a las personas que necesitan superar emergency de ansiedad, irritabilidad, depresiã ³n, y otros sã ­ntomas de abstinencia relacionados con el consumo del tabaco.

How to Organize a School Paper Sale

How to Organize a School Paper SaleSchool paper sale is an event that many children have a great time going to. Whether it is a paper sale for the school or for the entire community, it is a way to share information and promote a lot of goodwill among a lot of people. With the return of the school year just around the corner, the time to organize such an event is upon us.A school paper sale can be a very rewarding event to organize, especially when all the necessary parts have been set up. This event should not only be able to raise money for the school, but it should also help with fundraising and community outreach. It is also a great way to get your name out there for students and others who are interested in the school. While having a little fun is always a good idea, a school paper sale has the potential to be more educational than any other events that can be organized.One of the best places to start when organizing a paper sale is finding out what type of paper is commonly use d in the school. Some schools use a type of paper that is not recyclable. This can make it very difficult to do a paper sale as well as to collect the money that you need for the school. The types of paper that a school uses could help you find out if this is something that can be done.When determining what type of paper is most appropriate, it is helpful to look at the inside of the paper to determine if it is already recycled. There is a difference between what is labeled as recycled and what is actually recycled. These papers might be in the same pile, but a school might choose to separate their paper from the non-recycled materials so that they can collect the majority of their money from these types of papers.Depending on how much of this type of paper is collected, it may be possible to have enough for a fundraiser. There is an idea that people want to do away with that requires a lot of work. To minimize this, people should try to collect all the recyclable papers for a paper sale and then sell the materials individually. This way, they will be able to avoid much of the work that comes with sorting and recycling the material.The next step is making sure that each type of paper is separated. This is where a big group can come together and sort out the paper. They can find out what type of paper can be collected and make a note of where they are in the process. It might be a good idea to have a group of people take turns sorting out the paper so that everyone can have a chance to participate.Paper containers can also be purchased for those that want to use them for paper products. This allows you to keep these items separate from other items that may not be recyclable. These containers will help to keep the items organized so that you do not have to worry about where the paper went. These containers may also be used as a way to store the paper before the paper sale begins.Another way to organize the sale would be to allow students to volunteer for the pap er sale. This allows the students to help out and still be able to go to school. If you are planning on having a big number of people attending the paper sale, it may be a good idea to have a few students to help out. It is also important to make sure that the volunteers are registered for the paper sale as they will be getting paid for their time.

The Formation of Black English and Its Influences on...

1. Introduction African American Vernacular English (AAVE) is one special dialect of American English, and it is different from Standard American English. African American Vernacular English can also be called as Black English, Black Vernacular English or African American Language (AAL).Black English had been discriminated for a long time in history. There was a saying that â€Å"Black English is not a language†. The saying is not correct. According to Montgomery, culture should not be biased, but should be including all that are produced and shared by the society( Montgomery 7). Even though Black English is different from Standard English, Black English has its unique linguistic system. It has its own system in phonetics, lexicology and†¦show more content†¦Well-known linguist William Labov is the first one to system study Black English. On June of 1979, Detroit court judged that Black English is a language. That means Black English finally earned its status. 3. Characteristics of Black English In his book Information to Those Who Would Remove to America, Benjamin Franklin recorded a short paragraph as follows: Boccarorra [a form of buckra white man]make de Black Man workee, make de Horse workee, make de Ox workee, made ebery thing workee; only de Hog. He, de Hog, no workee; he eat, he drink, he walk about, he go to sleep when he please, he libb like a gentleman. (Franklin 606) This short paragraph is a clear evident that the Black English has its own characteristics in some aspects. Its phonetics, grammar and lexicology are different The Black English has its own characteristics in some aspects. Its phonetics, grammar and lexicology are different from Standard English. Even though there are some differences in certain aspects of language between Black English and American English, after all, Black English is a variant of English. So the differences are only in some degree rather than fundamental. 3.1 Phonetics The first generation of black American was all African slaves, so their African tone was inevitable when they spoke English. The African tone mixing with Standard English tone makes the special Black English tone.Show MoreRelatedA Day Road Is An Appropriate Novel For High School Students1429 Words   |  6 Pagesthe belief that one’s culture is superior to another’s culture. Although every culture faces its own struggles and hardships. Racism and discrimination has been noticeable in our world. In the Great War, Native Canadians Indian men volunteered to join and serve the Allied forces in European battlefields, inspiring people around the world with their achievements and sacrifices. In three Day road, Joseph Boyden raises awareness about the discrimination against Native Americans that still exists todayRead MoreThe American Of American History Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the course of American history, the usage of gangs has always been embedded in th e striving desire to be rebel, such as defeating the overhanging stature of the British empire. However as the 13 colonies formed a colonial gang in an effort to eliminate British influence in America, the definition of the word gang has transformed into an entirely different meaning. One common definition of a gang is a group of three or more individuals who engage in criminal activity and identify themselvesRead MoreEarly civilization of North America1575 Words   |  6 Pagesthe other hand, English emigrants arrived to New England, Virginia and other parts of America, which later formed the United States. Immigration to the â€Å"New World† took pace in the early 1600s and grew from a group of few hundred colonists to a flood of millions of newcomers. These new settlers started building a new civilization in the northern region. Immigration of English settlers started long after the settlement of Spaniards in South America and Mexico. Majority of the English colonists we reRead MoreRap Music : Influence On Violent Behavior1379 Words   |  6 PagesMUSIC’S INFLUENCE ON VIOLENT BEHAVIOR IN AFRICAN AMERICAN MALES: A REVIEW Kaland Farrow Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical University  RAP MUSIC’S INFLUENCE ON VIOLENT BEHAVIOR IN AFRICAN AMERICAN MALES: A REVIEW Rap music is derived from Hip Hop culture which is deeply rooted in the African American community. The word, rap, has a Middle English origin. Originally, rap means to beat or strike. Beginning in the 1960s, African Americans gave the word another definition. 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The area’s mostly African American and Puerto Rican residents originated this uniquely American musical genre and culture that over the past four decades has developed into a global sensation impacting the formation of youth culture around the world. The South Bronx was a whirlpool of political, social, and economic upheaval in the years leading up to the inception of Hip-Hop. The early part of the 1970’s found many African American and Hispanic communities desperately seekingRead MoreEssay about The Jamaican Dialect2460 Words   |  10 PagesEbonics, or Black English. It has been argued that Ebonics is simply a sub-standard form and degradation of English, while others feel that it should be recognized as an African influenced English dialect. One of the most recognizable forms of African-influenced English is that spoken by the people of Jamaica. Linguists and sociologists alike have studied the formation of this dialect over the years, because it is a prime example of language development resulting from cultural influences. By looking

Alcohol Death And Its Effect On Family Life - 1625 Words

Long time ago, wine and liquor has adhere to the life for the people not only in the United States but others countries. Wine and liquor is considered such as alcohol drink which is moderate amount of it and gives the person a sense of pleasure, harmony, forget the difficulties and hardships of life. However, thousands of alcohol-death case happened every year and more than 1/3 of adult people drank alcohol to cause themselves in a high-risk situation.So, the long-term alcohol into the body will lead negative effect to alcohol addicts. A person who is considered consume too much alcoholic when taken a small amount of it every day. However, people who have experience with this symptoms are often unconscious of this serious disease may†¦show more content†¦Accroding to Jackson, Usher and O’Brien [15] reported â€Å"That families are fractured by adolescent substance use when the adolescent has â€Å"serious and on-going illicit drug use.† (p. 323). They add that substance use touches all aspects of family life. This includes parents who are feeling that the family is being torn apart while also experiencing the youth as â€Å"complex, demanding, overwhelming and highly stressful† (p. 323). Lee, Philip R., Dorothy R. Lee, and Paul Lee. 2010: U.S. Drug and Alcohol Policy, Looking Back and Moving Forward. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 2010.In the Western countries such as Thailand,Vietnam,China are one of the highest countries in the world who have deal with alcoholic drinkers is increased significant every year.Government should set a law for a country to save society and people lives in building home or club to rescue alcohol addicts be back to normal life by sharing in facebook or twitter social network with those precious experience to abandon alcoholic permanently. Although people known alcohol addicts are frivolous but as the human that they cannot try to shift the blame for them because there are many unexpected condition that they don’t want to be happen for themselves such as something like hardship in bussines, broken relationship, family pressure, advertising of social media. One of the earliest case that people can recognize one someone get drunk,the nightmare of drink alcohol and lose theShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Alcohol Abuse On The Body1644 Words   |  7 PagesAlcohol abuse can also cause short-term effects to the body. Although there are many different short-term effects, the most common happens to be a hangover which is a â€Å"group of symptoms experienced by a person after a heavy consumption of alcohol† (Alcoholic 1). Symptoms of a hangover often consist of nausea, fatigue, thirst, headache, diarrhea, and sensitivity to light and noise. The severity of a hangover depends on several factors; these factors include the amount of alcohol consumed, the levelRead MoreEssay on Teenage Drinking In America920 Words   |  4 Pagesworld. A subject that needs special attention is the abuse of alcohol by teens. Statistics show that there is a problem currently between teens and alcohol. There are many causes of teenage drinking and effects that prove that drinking is an important issue that needs to be dealt with to preserve American teenagers. Teenage drinking will become worse of a problem if it continues unchecked on its current path to destruction. Alcohol abuse among teenagers in the United States is a plague that isRead MoreCauses And Effects Of Alcoholism1194 Words   |  5 PagesCause and effects of Alcoholism Alcoholism has become prevalent throughout time in History. This affliction has brought about several negative effects to the users as well as America’s society in general. Such effects include brain damage or organ failure, separation from family and eventually death. It is not easy to tell if a person abuses alcohol until much later. Alcohol abuse calls for total attention because of the violence-related risks it symbolizes in society. Despite alcohol’s acute harmfulRead More Alcohol and Alcoholism Essay682 Words   |  3 PagesAlcohol and Alcoholism Alcohol is a drug, but unlike the other drugs, marijuana, cocaine, heroine, and probably all the others for some reason this is socially accepted and is legal. Alcohol is bad for you and does have long term affects associated with it. Such as the long addiction to it, effects on the body, and the social interaction effects. Alcohol, and alcoholism is common in America, but drinking is more common around kids. 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They begin to walk funny and they tend to slur their words, making it hard to comprehend anything they are saying. I have watched family members who were so inebriated that they could not even spell their own name or even pinpoint who they were. The questions I always ask myself when I see these drunk college kids is â€Å"Do these kids know the effects of alcoholismRead MoreSoc 203 social problems1286 Words   |  6 PagesSocial Problem I. Introduction Alcoholism is a major social problem that not only has an impact on the life of an alcoholic, but family members as well as society. Alcoholism is the third most common mental illness that affects more than 17 million people in the United States according to the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse. Alcoholism does not discriminate against age, race nor gender. II. Scope Alcoholism is defined as a disorder characterized by theRead MoreAlcohol Drugs And Its Effects On Society940 Words   |  4 Pagesdrugs; alcohol which is a licit drug, and heroin which is an illicit drug. We will touch the following subjects and how they may impact the family, what the impact is on themselves and comparing what continued use could do and the benefits they would have from quitting. Alcohol is a licit drug that many people have tried; in the United States, 86.8% of people reported to drinking alcohol at least once in their life. When people abuse alcohol, it is known as alcoholism. Not only does alcohol have a

Supporting Early Learning And Development - 973 Words

I believe that supporting early learning and development is my major focus in my exploration. With this said, I still think that two other competency contests will be addressed. Planning and guiding early learning and development, along with creating and maintaining program policies and practices are super beneficial and will be incorporated into my exploration as well. I say this because I believe that you cannot support early learning without being able to plan and guide as well as following the correct protocol and policies. All three of these topics all correlate with one another, therefor; these three topics will all be tackled when exploring my topic. During week three’s assignment about the nutrition competency, I found myself noticing how interested I am in the subject of child nutrition, health and safety. My mindset on these topics before this course was very dull. I simply believed that children needed to have healthy lifestyle, and that that relayed on the parents providing it. When it came to safety, I merely thought that as a teacher this would be a very important aspect of my job. I assumed that supervision was the main way to help keep children safe. However, after week three I was able to notice how much more thought, attention, and caution goes into being a teacher, especially when considering the topics of health, safety and nutrition. My mindset on teaching before this assignment was directed solely on the children, although, once completing the weekShow MoreRelatedUnit 25 Ccld1039 Words   |  5 PagesUnit 25: Modern Beliefs and Religions for The Early Years Practitioner Scheme of Work ------------------------------------------------- Duration of Units: Unit 25:60 Guided Learning Hours/5 Credits ------------------------------------------------- Number of Sessions per week: 2 ------------------------------------------------- Duration of Sessions: 55 minutes per session ------------------------------------------------- General Unit Objectives: ------------------------------------------------- Read MoreThe Role Of Primary Carers On Children1716 Words   |  7 Pages In the ecological system the parents and family are represented by the micro system, they are closest to the child and have the most influence them and their learning potential. (Bronfenbrenner, 1979). Therefore it is essential that the early year’s educator has a positive relationship with the parent for consistent and effective learning at home and in the setting. As well as recognising that parents have influence on their children the ecological system shows the environmental factors that haveRead MoreThe Teacher s Role For Creating Curriculum1323 Words   |  6 Pagescognitive development. In order for teachers to be excellent teacher, they need to create a caring community. They can create one by helping children cultivate friendship, sharing, respectfulness, truthfulness, and caring. This teaching is help children, over time, apply these attribute s, establishing models who reflect them and supporting families as their primary moral teacher. Fostering positive relationship and building classroom community. Teacher should enhance the development and learning for theRead MoreInclusion And Requirements Of The Areas Of Learning And Development1534 Words   |  7 PagesUnit 13: Promote Learning And Development In The Early Years. 1: Understand the purpose and requirements of the areas of learning and development in the relevant early year’s framework. 1.2: Describe the documented outcomes for children that form part of the relevant early year’s framework. Documented outcomes for children that form part of the relevant early years framework: Desired outcomes for children and young people as in the required framework for early years provision within the FoundationRead MorePromote Learning and development in the early years1198 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿1.1 In the EYFS there are 6 areas of learning and development, these are: Communication and language development involves giving children a language-enabling environment to give them confidence and skills in expressing themselves and to communicate and listen in various situations. Physical development includes providing opportunities for young children to be physically active and interactive, also to develop their co-ordination, control and movement. 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Fate vs Free Will in Oedipus free essay sample

Oedipus the King by Sophocles, Oedipus is responsible for the tragedy of his downfall. Fate and free will are two opposing ideas that Sophocles seamlessly blends into the play. Sophocles ultimately leaves it up to the audience to interpret the reality behind this argument. Oedipus is presented with a series of choices throughout the play, and his arrogant and stubborn nature push him to impulsively make the wrong decisions, the decisions that ultimately lead him to his downfall. While Oedipus and those around him consider fate the source of Oedipus problems, Oedipus decisions show the audience that it is he who is responsible. Sophocles is able to drive his message about the pitfalls of human arrogance through Oedipus fatal flaws and the use of metaphorical and literal blindness. Perhaps the most obvious reason Oedipus is responsible is that by the end of the play Oedipus has taken responsibility for his actions. Oedipus states, Now loathed by the gods, son of the mother I defiled coupling in my fathers bed, spawning lives in the loins that spawned my wretched life. What grief can crown this grief? Its mine alone, my destiny-I am Oedipus! (Sophocles 1492). Oedipus clearly declares that he defiled his mother, he coupled with her in his fathers bed. The grief is his alone. Even though he may believe that this was his destiny, he takes responsibility for fulfilling it. Oedipus has no trouble seeing the error of his ways by the end of the play, as he states, I was so wrong, so wrong (Sophocles 1557). Although Oedipus takes responsibility, he is not the only person to blame. Ultimately, the blame could fall on Jocasta and Laius, Oedipus biological parents. The couple was warned that their child was cursed early on, but instead of having Oedipus killed and actually seeing it through, they carelessly had baby Oedipus pinned down on a mountain. Jocasta and Laius never actually made sure that Oedipus was killed. Oedipus references this at the end of the play: If Id died then, Id never have dragged myself, my loved ones through such hell (Sophocles 1487). Oedipus encounter with Laius at the crossroads reveals a great deal about Oedipus character and fatal flaws. In this crucial scene, Oedipus reveals his temper and lack of self-control that sets him on the road to fulfilling the prophecy of his fate. One could even say that Oedpius simply shows a face of ancient road rage. Dr. George Eppley asserts, Had there been a newspaper account of this violent event, the banner headline might have read, Road Rage Kills King Laius and Bodyguards. Murderer Sought' (Eppley 48). Nothing forces Oedipus to kill Laius; there is no accident. The location of a crossroad for this scene is metaphorical of Oedpius choice. Oedipus could have chosen to ignore the dispute and end it peacefully, but he instead lashes out. The use of crossroads as a setting throughout literature and film alike has shown to be symbolic of the unknown outcomes of a group of choices. Some might recall the last shot of the Robert Zimeckis film Cast Away, in which Tom Hanks stands at the center of a crossroad, forced to make a physical and metaphorical choice about his life. Sophocles utilizes that symbolism in this scene. The literal setting of a crossroad serves also as a figurative crossroad in Oedipus life, the point in which Oedipus can veer away from the fateful prophecy or begin fulfilling it. Because he gives in to his quick, impulsive temper, Oedipus chooses the latter. When Oedipus arrives at Thebes, he is presented with yet another choice: to become the king and to wed the queen, or to move on. Once again, Oedipus choice puts him one step closer to fulfilling the prophecy. Oedipus is not forced into marrying Jocasta, this is simply his decision. Fate is not responsible. Regarding fate versus free will, E. R. Dodds says this about the play: we are not entitled to blame Oedipus either for carelessness in failing to compile a handlist for lack of self control in failing to obey its injunctions. For no such possibilities are mentioned in the play, or even hinted at (Dodds 40). Dodds then goes on to say, Oedipus does what he can to evade his destiny (Dodds 41). What Dodds fails to recognize is that Sophocles motif of blindness throughout the play seems to be a direct reference to Oedipus flaws. From the very beginning when he declares, I see- how could I fail to see (Sophocles 70) to the middle when he realizes, [h]ow terrible- to see the truth when the truth is only pain to him who sees! (Sophocles 359) to the end when he laments, [d]ark horror of darkness, my darkness (Sophocles 1450) sight and blindness, the absence of sight, are literal and figurative motifs in the play. Oedipus can attribute his figurative blindness throughout the play to his hubris and arrogance. It is because Oedipus is so quick-tempered and arrogant that he is blind to his own mistakes that lead him to his demise. Sophocles use of blindness in the play gives the reader/audience more insight into Oedipus flaws, and Oedipus flaws are what cause him to fulfill the prophecy. Therefore, Sophocles, in a complexly roundabout way, does in fact hint at the possibility that Oedipus was simply careless. To counter Mr. Dodds argument, Oedipus has plenty of opportunities to make a better choice, he is just blind to those opportunities because of his flaws. To fully understand Sophocles message, the play must be analyzed objectively as well as textually. What is Sophocles trying to say to the audience about human nature? If it truly is an inescapable fate that gets Oedipus where he is, then no point can be made about the danger of arrogance, hubris, and temper. If Oedipus really had no way out of his fate, if he truly was on some sort of rail, then his flaws are essentially rendered obsolete. If it is solely fate that takes care of Oedipus life, then the subtext of Sophocles point through Oedipus is that no man really has free choice; no man can learn from his mistakes because he is trapped inside of a one-track life, a life that is governed by something other than himself. Instead of leaving the reader with this message, Sophocles leaves the argument of fate versus free will far more ambiguous. By the end of the play, two facts remain: Oedipus downfall is prophesized, and Oedipus does fulfill the prophecy. The truth of the matter is that Oedipus choices are what led him to fulfill the prophecy. If the play is viewed in this light, then Oedipus hubris becomes far more consequential, thus giving the play further meaning. While Sophocles never blatantly states, What happens to Oedipus is a result of his own choices, the subtext of the play is rife with evidence that nobody is more responsible for Oedipus than Oedipus. Through Oedipus, Sophocles shows the audience the consequences of carelessness in decision-making and the adversity that is often spawned from inflated ego.